EVALUATION OF  HSP-70, TNF- Α AND HS CRP LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION

Rasha Abbas Abdel Hussein; Rehab Jasim Mohammed; Lamya Abd Alkarem Darwish

doi:10.46903/gjms/22.03.1668

EVALUATION OF HSP-70, TNF- Α AND HS CRP LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION

Rasha Abbas Abdel Hussein, Rehab Jasim Mohammed, Lamya Abd Alkarem Darwish

Abstract

Background: Hypertension significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, kidney failure, and stroke. Hypertension is a multifaceted and has multifactorial causation. Hypertension can be caused by several factors such as excessive salt or alcohol consumption, stress, age, and genetics, family history, obesity, and physical condition. Objective of the study was evaluation of HSP-70, TNF-α and HS CRP levels and their relationship with hypertensive Patients.

Materials & Methods: This study included 50 patients with hypertension and 40 individuals from a healthy control group of 50 patients, 28 males and 22 females, aged between 40 and 70 years. They were compared with the healthy group. The factors measured in these groups were, (HSP-70), (TNF-α), (HS CRP).

Result: The result of this study showed a significant difference when comparing the data of high blood pressure patients with the group of healthy people. We noted that most of the tests were higher than the normal limit, which included (HSP-70, CRP) in patients with high blood pressure. The P value was ≥ (0.0001)

Conclusions: Immunological cells and inflammation are major contributors to hypertension, which is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The results showed a significant difference (P value = ≤ 0.0001) in HSP-70 and HS CRP but there was no significant difference in TNF-alpha in patients of hypertension.

Keywords

Hypertension; High sensitivity C reactive protein (HS CRP); heat shock protein 70(HSP-70); tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α).

Full Text:

PDF

References

He FJ, MacGregor GA. Cost of poor blood pressure control in the UK: 62,000 unnecessary deaths per year. J Hum Hypertens. 2003;17:455–7. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jhh.1001581

T.M. Misleading measurements: modeling the effects of blood pressure misclassification in a United States population. Med Decis Making. 2006;26:624–32. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272989X06295356

Hasan AH, Abdulzahra MA, Hashim AM, Al-Mawlah YH. Biochemical markers of liver function test (ALT, AST, ALP) in thyroid dysfunction (hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism). J Biotech Res. 2024;16:167–74.

Chobanian AV. The hypertension paradox - More uncontrolled disease despite improved therapy. New Armen Med J. 2009;3(4):60–70. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMsa0903829

Sanz J, Moreno PR, Fuster V. The year in atherothrombosis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;55:1487–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2009.12.027

Al-Hawwas M, Tanguay JF. The role of inflammation in atherosclerosis: what we have learned from clinical trials. Hear Metab. 2013;(60):9–13.

Chrysohoou C, Pitsavos C, Panagiotakos DB, Skoumas J, Stefanadis C. Association between prehypertension status and inflammatory markers related to atherosclerotic disease: the ATTICA study. Am J Hypertens. 2004;17(7):568–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjhyper.2004.03.675

Iaccarino G, Ciccarelli M, Sorriento D, Galasso G, Campanile A, Santulli G, et al. Ischemic neoangiogenesis enhanced by β2-adrenergic receptor overexpression: a novel role for the endothelial adrenergic system. Circ Res. 2005;97(11):1182–9. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.RES.0000191541.06788.bb

Fichtlscherer S, Rosenberger G, Walter DH, Breuer S, Dimmeler S, Zeiher AM. Elevated C-reactive protein levels and impaired endothelial vasoreactivity in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation. 2000;102(9):1000–6. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.102.9.1000

Aggarwal BB, Gupta SC, Kim JH. Historical perspectives on tumor necrosis factor and its superfamily: 25 years later, a golden journey. Blood. 2012;119:651–65. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2011-04-325225

Seo SH, Webster RG. Tumor necrosis factor alpha exerts powerful anti-influenza virus effects in lung epithelial cells. J Virol. 2002;76(3):1071–6. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.76.3.1071-1076.2002

Lindquist S, Craig EA. The heat-shock proteins. Annu Rev Genet. 1988;22:631–77. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ge.22.120188.003215

I.J. B, D.R. M. Stress (heat shock) proteins molecular chaperones in cardiovascular biology and disease. Circ Res. 1998;83(2):117–32. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.RES.83.2.117

Khademi A. Complex survey data analysis with SAS. J Stat Softw. 2018;84. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v084.b02

Pockley AG, Georgiades A, Thulin T, De Faire U, Frostegård J. Serum heat shock protein 70 levels predict the development of atherosclerosis in subjects with established hypertension. Hypertension. 2003;42(3):235–8. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.HYP.0000086522.13672.23

Evans A, Arveiler D, Yellon DM, Latchman DS, Cambien F, Luc G, et al. Analysis of the association of a heat shock protein70-1 gene promoter polymorphism with myocardial infarction and coronary risk traits. Dis Markers. 1998;13(4):227–35. https://doi.org/10.1155/1998/235151

Bautista LE, Vera LM, Arenas IA, Gamarra G. Independent association between inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and TNF-α) and essential hypertension. J Hum Hypertens. 2005;19(2):149–54. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jhh.1001785

Rao DV, Watson K, Jones GL. Age-related attenuation in the expression of the major heat shock proteins in human peripheral lymphocytes. Mech Ageing Dev. 1999;107(1):105–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0047-6374(98)00143-2

M.F., H.O., S.S., H.A., T.M., M.M. The combination of abdominal obesity and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein predicts new-onset hypertension in the general Japanese population: the Tanno-Sobetsu study. Hypertens Res. 2015;38(6):426–32. https://doi.org/10.1038/hr.2015.27

Woodward M, Rumley A, Tunstall-Pedoe H, Lowe GDO. Associations of blood rheology and interleukin-6 with cardiovascular risk factors and prevalent cardiovascular disease. Br J Haematol. 1999;104:246–57. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2141.1999.01158.x

Wang ZZ, Wang CL, Wu TC, Pan HN, Wang SK, Jiang JD. Autoantibody response to heat shock protein 70 in patients with heatstroke. Am J Med. 2001;111:654–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9343(01)00974-3

Welch WJ. Mammalian stress response: cell physiology, structure/function of stress proteins, and implications for medicine and disease. Physiol Rev. 1992;72(4):1063–81. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.1992.72.4.1063

Ogawa K, Suzuki K, Mitsuharu O, Yamazaki K, Shinkai S. The association of elevated reactive oxygen species levels from neutrophils with low-grade inflammation in the elderly. Immun Ageing. 2008;5. https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-4933-5-13

Singh R, Kolvraa S. Genetics of human longevity with emphasis on the relevance of HSP-70 as candidate genes. Front Biosci. 2007;12:4504–13. https://doi.org/10.2741/2405

Semenkov VF, Michalski AI, Sapozhnikov AM. Heating and ultraviolet light activate anti-stress gene functions in humans. Front Genet. 2015;6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2015.00245

Guisasola MC, Alonso B, Bravo B, Vaquero J, Chana F. An overview of cytokines and heat shock response in polytraumatized patients. Cell Stress Chaperones. 2018;23:483–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12192-017-0859-9

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46903/gjms/22.03.1668