INVESTIGATING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY (AKI) IN PATIENTS WITH VIBRIO CHOLERAE AND ITS INFLUENCING FACTORS IN THE KIRKUK CITY

Abdullah Adil Raoof; Fadhil Faidhalla Muhialdeen; Ahmed Abdulameer Ghaleb

doi:10.46903/gjms/23.4.2033

INVESTIGATING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY (AKI) IN PATIENTS WITH VIBRIO CHOLERAE AND ITS INFLUENCING FACTORS IN THE KIRKUK CITY

Abdullah Adil Raoof, Fadhil Faidhalla Muhialdeen, Ahmed Abdulameer Ghaleb

Abstract

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) may arise as a serious complication of Vibrio cholerae infection, primarily resulting from severe dehydration and electrolyte imbalance leading to acute tubular necrosis, tubulointerstitial nephritis, and metabolic acidosis. This study aimed to assess the association between AKI and cholera among patients in Kirkuk City, with particular attention to comorbid conditions, severity of loose bowel movement (LBM), and hemodynamic status.

Materials & Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from April to October 2022 among 166 cholera patients (aged 15–80 years; 99 females, 67 males) admitted to Kirkuk Teaching Hospital. Data were collected through structured interviews and clinical assessments. Laboratory evaluations included serum creatinine, blood urea (B. Urea), electrolytes, and white blood cell (WBC) counts. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26. Categorical variables were compared using the chi-square test, and numerical variables were analyzed using unpaired t-tests or one-way ANOVA. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: The most frequent comorbidities were hypertension (39.7%), diabetes mellitus (20.5%), urinary tract infection (17.5%), and kidney stones (6.6%). Regarding LBM severity, 11.4% of patients had mild, 44.0% moderate, and 44.6% severe episodes. Diabetic females were more prevalent (25.3%) than diabetic males (13.4%) (p = 0.64). Male patients exhibited significantly higher serum creatinine (6.23 vs. 3.91 mg/dL; p = 0.005) and B. Urea levels (129.25 vs. 94.16 mg/dL; p < 0.001). Severe LBM correlated with markedly elevated creatinine (6.06 mg/dL) and B. Urea (162.30 mg/dL) compared to mild or moderate cases (p < 0.001). Hypotensive patients showed significantly higher creatinine (p = 0.028), B. Urea (p < 0.001), and WBC counts (p = 0.007).

Conclusion: Female diabetic patients are more susceptible to cholera, while male patients with AKI have a higher risk of cholera infection. The severity of LBM is closely linked with AKI, and hypotension significantly elevates serum creatinine, B. Urea, and WBC counts in cholera patients. Elevated WBC counts were also observed in patients with AKI and severe LBM.

Keywords

Acute Kidney Injury; Blood Urea; Cholera; Creatinine; Diarrhea.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.46903/gjms/23.4.2033