Sphere based Assessment of Water Access, Quantity, Perceived Quality and Sanitation in Internally Displaced People of Pakistan

Abstract

Background: SPHERE standards and indicators are used worldwide to determine the quality of support services for displaced persons. This study was undertaken to assess relevant relief efforts on global standards regarding internally displaced person’s access to water.

Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study with systematic random sampling of 123 sample size was done from January to May 2010 at Jalozai camp, Nowshera, Pakistan. A structured questionnaire was designed based on the SPHERE handbook. The detailed interviews with household and field observations were done.

Results: The water supply was regular to 110(94%) and within acceptable distance. Twenty-four (21%) households had sufficient quantity of water while 106(90%) lacked water storage facilities. Majority of internally displaced persons perceived the available water as drinkable 99(85%), yet erosion and/or standing water in the shelter area and community water sources 13(29%) was compromising physical access to water and also posed a potential threat of contamination.

Conclusion: While water availability, its quantity and distance from the household are crucial in determining access to water, the secondary determinant factors like lack of water storage facilities at household level is also important. Therefore access should take into account both the primary and secondary determinants.