IMPACT OF AGE ON BIOCHEMICAL FACTORS IN PATIENTS WITH ANGINA

Hajer Khalid Raheem; Ruqaya K. Al-kenany

doi:10.46903/gjms/23.4.Suppl.2053

IMPACT OF AGE ON BIOCHEMICAL FACTORS IN PATIENTS WITH ANGINA

Hajer Khalid Raheem, Ruqaya K. Al-kenany

Abstract

Background: cardiovascular diseases, particularly angina pectoris, remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Work-related physical and psychological stress has been recognized as an important contributor to cardiovascular dysfunction, potentially influencing biochemical pathways involved in angina pathophysiology. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of occupational stress on selected biochemical markers in patients with stable and unstable angina, with emphasis on age-related differences.

Materials & Methods: This case-control study was conducted at the Emergency and Cardiac Surgery Center of the Imam Al-Hussein Teaching Hospital, from October 2024 to January 2025. A total of 120 male participants, aged 30 to 70 years, were enrolled. They were divided into two main groups: 90 male with angina, subdivided equally into: 45 patients with stable angina, 45 patients with unstable angina and 30 healthy male controls without any history of cardiovascular, metabolic, or chronic diseases. This comparative study included patients diagnosed with stable and unstable angina. Serum levels of visfatin, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), proteinase-3 (PR3), troponin, lipid profile parameters, and oxidative stress markers were assessed. Participants were stratified into two age groups: <50 years and ≥50 years. Biochemical variations between age groups were analyzed to determine age-dependent responses to work-related stress.

Results: Significant differences were observed in several biochemical markers between the two age groups. Patients aged ≥50 years exhibited altered stress-related biochemical responses compared to younger patients, particularly in ACE, PR3, and oxidative stress markers. These findings suggest an age-dependent modulation of biochemical pathways associated with angina under occupational stress conditions.

Conclusion: Age plays a significant role in modifying biochemical responses to work-related stress in patients with angina pectoris. Understanding these age-related variations may aid in early detection, targeted prevention strategies, and improved management of angina, especially among individuals exposed to occupational stress.

Keywords

Angina Pectoris; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme; Oxidative Stress; Proteinase 3; Troponin; Visfatin

Full Text:

PDF

References

Ahmed W, Muhammad T, Maurya C, Akhtar SN. Prevalence and factors associated with undiagnosed and uncontrolled heart disease: a study based on self-reported chronic heart disease and symptom-based angina pectoris among middle-aged and older Indian adults. PLoS One. 2023;18(6):e0286682. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0286682

Olbrich SL. Performance development of off-pump coronary artery bypass surgeons. Faculty of Behavioural, Management and Social Sciences (BMS). 2021.

Manolis AJ, Collins P, López-Sendón J. Diagnosing and treating stable angina: a contemporary approach for practicing physicians. Future Cardiol. 2025;21(1):1-15. https://doi.org/10.2217/fca-2024-0123

Sucato V, Corrado E, Manno G, Amata F, Testa G, Novo G, et al. Biomarkers of coronary microvascular dysfunction in patients with microvascular angina: a narrative review. Angiology. 2022;73(5):395-406. https://doi.org/10.1177/00033197211034267

Jumaah Y, Fathi Z, Mohammad J. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and adipokines: the role of visfatin and apelin in cardiovascular disease management. Iraqi J Pharm. 2023;20(Suppl 1):250-60. https://doi.org/10.33899/iphr.2023.143923.1062

Piek A, Smit L, Suthahar N, Bakker SJL, de Boer RA, Silljé HHW. The emerging plasma biomarker Dickkopf-3 (DKK3) and its association with renal and cardiovascular disease in the general population. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):2345. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-88107-9

Martyniak A, Tomasik PJ. A new perspective on the renin-angiotensin system. Diagnostics. 2023;13(1):45. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13010045

Howlett LA, Jones SA, Lancaster MK. Pharmacy and exercise as complementary partners for successful cardiovascular ageing. Curr Vasc Pharmacol. 2022;20(3):284-302. https://doi.org/10.2174/1570161120666220107105840

Mazitova AM, Márquez-Sánchez AC, Koltsova EK. Fat and inflammation: adipocyte-myeloid cell crosstalk in atherosclerosis. Front Immunol. 2023;14:1234567. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1234567

Firdous SM, Pal S. Antioxidants in cardiovascular disease. In: Molecular interaction and therapeutic implications. Cham: Springer; 2025. p.127-51.

Sattar N, McGuire DK, Pavo I, Weerakkody GJ, Nishiyama H, Wiese RJ, et al. Tirzepatide cardiovascular event risk assessment: a pre-specified meta-analysis. Nat Med. 2022;28:591-8. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-022-01707-4

Hinterdobler J, Schunkert H, Kessler T, Sager HB. Impact of acute and chronic psychosocial stress on vascular inflammation. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2021;35:1531-50. https://doi.org/10.1089/ars.2021.0153

Babapour AR, Mozaffari NG, Kazemi AF. Nurses’ job stress and its impact on quality of life and caring behaviors: a cross-sectional study. BMC Nurs. 2022;21:152. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-022-00852-y

Sinha A, Gupta DK, Yancy CW, Shah SJ, Rasmussen-Torvik LJ, McNally EM, et al. Risk-based approach for the prediction and prevention of heart failure. Circ Heart Fail. 2021;14:e007761. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.120.007761

Kivimäki M, Bartolomucci A, Kawachi I. The multiple roles of life stress in metabolic disorders. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2023;19:10-27. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-022-00746-8

Wirtz PH, von Känel R. Psychological stress, inflammation, and coronary heart disease. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2017;19:111. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11886-017-0919-x

De Almeida AJPO, De Almeida Rezende MS, Dantas SH, De Lima Silva S, De Oliveira JCPL, De Lourdes Assunção Araújo De Azevedo F, et al. Unveiling the role of inflammation and oxidative stress on age-related cardiovascular diseases. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2020;2020:1954398. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/1954398

Damluji AA, Forman DE, Wang TY, Chikwe J, Kunadian V, Rich MW, et al. Management of acute coronary syndrome in the older adult population: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2023;147:e32-62. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000001112

Al-Kenany RK, Al-Janabi GG, Al-Ghanimi HH, Abdah BF. Defensive role of olive oil in oxidative stress induced by smoking overload in males in Kerbala city. AIP Conf Proc. 2023;2640:020001. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0161662

Pitkin SL, Maguire JJ, Kuc RE, Davenport AP. Modulation of the apelin/APJ system in heart failure and atherosclerosis in man. Br J Pharmacol. 2010;160(7):1785-95. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00821.x

Nehme A, Zouein FA, Zayeri ZD, Zibara K. An update on the tissue renin-angiotensin system and its role in physiology and pathology. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis. 2019;6(2):14. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd6020014

Arnson Y, Shoenfeld Y, Amital H. Effects of tobacco smoke on immunity, inflammation and autoimmunity. J Autoimmun. 2010;34(3):J258-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaut.2009.12.003

Al-Kenany RK, Al-Janabi GG, Al-Saedi SR. The effect of renal failure, heart disease and diabetes mellitus on fertility of men in Karbala City. Biochem Cell Arch. 2020;20(1):279-83.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46903/gjms/23.4.Suppl.2053